Industrial environmental control system

Industrial environmental control (environmental monitoring) of the environment and natural resources is a comprehensive system of monitoring the state of the environment and natural resources and is a warning about emerging critical situations harmful or dangerous to the environment, as well as assessment and prediction of changes in its condition under the influence of industrial enterprises.
Requirements
Industrial environmental control is carried out in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 14 of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, based on the program of industrial environmental control. In order to comply with all legislative requirements of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the “Industrial Environmental Control Program” must contain the following information:
1) a mandatory list of parameters monitored during production monitoring;
2) the period, duration and frequency of production monitoring and measurements;
3) information about the methods used for conducting production monitoring;
4) Sampling points and measurement locations;
5) methods and frequency of accounting, analysis and reporting of data;
6) the schedule of internal inspections and the procedure for eliminating violations of the environmental legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, including internal tools for responding to their non-compliance;
7) mechanisms for ensuring the quality of instrumental measurements;
8) protocol of actions in emergency situations;
9) the organizational and functional structure of the internal responsibility of personnel for conducting industrial environmental control;
10) other information reflecting the issues of organization and conduct of industrial environmental control.
In accordance with the current Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the nature user must keep internal records, generate and submit periodic reports on the results of industrial environmental control in accordance with the requirements established by the authorized environmental protection body.
At the request of state environmental inspectors, the nature user is obliged to submit documentation, analysis results and other materials necessary for the implementation of State Environmental Control.
Goal
The main objectives of industrial environmental control, in accordance with Article 128 of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, are:
1) obtaining information for decision-making regarding the environmental policy of the nature user, environmental quality targets and tools for regulating production processes that potentially have an impact on the environment;
2) ensuring compliance with the requirements of the environmental legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan;
3) minimizing the impact of the user’s production processes on the environment and human health;
4) improving the efficiency of the use of natural and energy resources;
5) prompt proactive response to emergency situations;
6) formation of a higher level of environmental awareness and responsibility of managers and employees of nature users;
7) informing the public about the environmental activities of enterprises and the risks to public health;
8) increasing the level of compliance with environmental requirements;
9) improving the production and environmental efficiency of the environmental management system;
10) consideration of environmental risks in investing and lending.
Main tasks
Control of emissions affecting the quality of the environment at the main sources of pollution, at the industrial site and at the border of the SPZ.
Expected results
Industrial environmental control is carried out to obtain objective data, at regular intervals, to make timely decisions and measures to protect the environment.
As part of the implementation of industrial environmental control at the production departments of JSC AlES, the following are carried out: operational monitoring, monitoring of emissions into the environment and monitoring of impacts.
Operational monitoring of process parameters.

Operational monitoring (monitoring of the production process) It includes observations of the parameters of the technological process to confirm that the performance indicators of the nature user are in the range that is considered appropriate for its proper operation and compliance with the conditions of the technological regulations of this production. The content of production monitoring is determined by the nature user (Article 132 of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
Own certified laboratories of CHPP-1, CHPP-2, CHPP-3, ZTC monitor the production process, the main parameters of which are:
• the load of the main equipment, which refers to the normalized sources of atmospheric pollution (t/hour, Gcal/hour);
• exhaust gas temperature;
• oxygen content in the outgoing DHW in %;
• efficiency of boilers;
• Material consumption (for controlled other sources);
• fuel characteristics (Qrn, ash content per dry mass %, fuel moisture, sulfur per dry mass);
• control of the quality and quantity of fuel entering the station and entering the boilers.
Monitoring of emissions into the environment.
Monitoring of emissions into the environment includes monitoring of emissions at the source to monitor production losses, the quantity and quality of emissions, and their changes, compliance with their standards of maximum single concentrations.

Atmospheric air
Control of the standards of maximum permissible emissions from sources of atmospheric pollution should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 14 of the Environmental Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, according to the control schedule approved in the draft PDV of the enterprise and reporting requirements for the results of industrial environmental control (Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 07.09.2018 No. 356 “On approval of the Rules for conducting automated monitoring of emissions into the environment when conducting industrial environmental control and reporting requirements based on the results of industrial environmental control”).
Within the framework of industrial environmental control, measurements and sampling are carried out by an independent certified or accredited laboratory. The frequency of monitoring of emission sources is set in the draft MPE 4 times a year.
The following pollutants are controlled: carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide and dioxide, sulfur dioxide, inorganic dust. During the control, the following parameters are determined:
• the rate of expiration of the gas-air mixture;
• volume of the gas-air mixture (normal, normal, dry);
• temperature of the gas-air mixture;
• the amount of O2 in the gas-air mixture;
• concentration of harmful substances in the gas-air mixture (DHW).
The results of instrumental measurements are compared with the established emission standards.
When carrying out the above work, certified measurement methods are used. Atmospheric air sampling (DHW) can be carried out by aspiration of a certain volume of air through absorption devices filled with a liquid absorption solution (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide).
As part of production monitoring, which is conducted by production departments independently, measurements are carried out twice a month on boiler units, according to the schedule, in accordance with the “Rules for the organization of control over emissions into the atmosphere at thermal power plants and boiler houses”, FROM 02/34/306-98 (RD 153-34.0-02.306-98). Measurements of ash content in flue gases of boilers, tests of ash-collecting installations are carried out according to the Order of the Chairman of the State Energy Supervision Committee of the Ministry of Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 11/26/2010. No.118-P “Methods of control tests of ash-collecting installations of thermal power plants and boiler houses”.
Greenhouse gas emissions are monitored quarterly using the calculated method.
A modern, universal Testo 350-XL gas analyzer is used to perform flue gas analysis.
Annual emissions control is carried out by compiling the “2-TP Air” report, and for greenhouse gases – the “Greenhouse Gas Inventory Report”.
Production and consumption waste
The main type of waste during the operation of the CHP is ash and slag waste (ASH), formed as a result of burning coal in the power boilers of the stations. The storage of ash and slag waste is carried out on a combined ash and slag removal system. Qualitative and quantitative control of stored ash and slag waste is constantly carried out at the station.
As part of the production monitoring, which is conducted by departments independently, monthly monitoring of the volumes of temporarily disposed production and consumption waste is carried out. An inventory of production and consumption waste is carried out monthly, within the framework of which the terms of storage and disposal, volumes and places of storage, the availability of waste removal contracts and documents confirming the movement of waste (acts, invoices, reports) are monitored.
Monitoring the level of land pollution
Within the framework of industrial environmental control, sampling is carried out by an independent certified or accredited laboratory on the territory of the industrial site (at 5 points) and the combined ash and slag removal system (at 5 points) quarterly, for the following ingredients:
– on the territory of the industrial site: manganese, beryllium, mercury, fluorides, bromine, petroleum products, nitrates;
– on the territory of the combined ash and slag removal system: fluorides, lead, cadmium, nitrates and petroleum products.
Radiation monitoring
Potential sources of radiation may be coal stored in an open warehouse and ash and slag waste (ASH) on a combined ash and slag removal system.
As part of industrial environmental control, radiation monitoring is carried out quarterly by an independent certified or accredited laboratory on the territory of the combined ash and slag removal system of each department, a coal warehouse on the industrial site, the border of the sanitary protection zone of the industrial site and the border of the sanitary protection zone of the combined ash and slag removal system, with trusted devices. According to the results of the control, a research protocol is drawn up.
The control was carried out in accordance with the State Standard “Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for radiation safety” approved by the Order of the Minister of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 02/27/2015 No. 155, Appendix No. 4 to the order of the Chairman of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision Committee dated 09/08/2011 No. 194 “On approval of “Methodological recommendations on radiation hygiene”, using a dosimeter device-DKS-96 radiometer.

3. Monitoring of exposure at the border of the sanitary protection zone
Atmospheric air.
Each measuring point should be marked on the diagram of the enterprise site and adjacent territories (or areal area) and assigned a permanent number for the entire measurement period.
Industrial site:
– from the south side of the industrial site (point 1);
– from the west side of the industrial site (point 2);
– from the east side of the industrial site (point 3);
– from the north side of the industrial site (point 4);
Ash dump:
– on the north side of the ash dump (point 1);
– on the south side of the ash dump (point 4);
– on the east side of the ash dump (point 2);
– on the west side of the ash dump (point 3);

The entire process of one-time sampling at each point and conducting meteorological observations, as well as chemical analysis of samples, is carried out in accordance with the recommendations set out in RD 52.04.186-89 “Guidelines for the control of atmospheric pollution”.
To ensure statistically reliable characteristics of atmospheric pollution, the total number of observations of one impurity at one point, at one distance from the source should be at least 48 observations, with three times sampling during daylight hours (morning, afternoon and evening).
Atmospheric air sampling is carried out by aspiration of a certain volume of air through absorption devices filled with a liquid absorption solution (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide), rubber chambers (carbon monoxide); membrane filters (soot).
The concentration of carbon monoxide samples can be carried out using the express method based on the use of the K-100 gas analyzer.
The concentration of nitrogen dioxide can be determined by the method of interaction of nitrogen dioxide with the Griess-Ilosvaya reagent, for this purpose the air used is drawn through a sorption tube with a sorbent for 20 minutes.
The concentration of sulfur dioxide can be determined by a method based on the interaction of sulfur dioxide with formaldehyde and parazaniline.
The determination of nitrogen dioxide and sulfurous anhydride can be carried out with the MSI Compact 150 gas analyzer from Drager.
Simultaneously with air sampling, wind direction and speed, air temperature and humidity, and weather conditions are determined. Metometers of the MEA are used for this purpose. Universal multichannel GANK 4 gas analyzers are used for automatic continuous monitoring of harmful substances in the air.
Instrumental measurements should be carried out by a certified or accredited laboratory. When carrying out the above-mentioned work, certified measurement methods should be used.
The “Hygienic standards for atmospheric air in urban and rural settlements” approved by the Order of the Minister of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 02/28/2015 No. 168 were adopted as evaluation criteria.
Water resources
The purpose of monitoring groundwater and surface waters is to obtain information on the concentrations of pollutants in groundwater and surface waters in the area of placement on the border of the sanitary protection zone of the industrial site and/or the combined ash and slag removal system of the station and in places of discharge of conditionally clean waters in the Kokozek river.
An observation network of wells and observation points for surface watercourses has been established at industrial sites and on the border of the sanitary protection zone of production departments. The level of pollution of groundwater and surface waters is determined instrumentally.
The assessment of groundwater and surface water pollution was carried out according to two groups of indicators: general and special. General indicators are generalized indicators of water quality – mineralization, pH value, hardness, etc. Special indicators include substances specific to a given source of pollution. Specific pollutants were determined for all wells, in water samples – manganese, fluorine, surfactant, potassium, iron, sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, nitrites, petroleum products, beryllium, mercury, bromine, iodine, boron.
Measurements of the concentration of pollutants in groundwater are performed in relation to the most unfavorable period, when the content of pollutants is maximum (the period of the highest air temperatures, the period of minimum wind speeds, etc.).
Level and temperature measurements were carried out in the wells of the monitoring network of the combined ash and slag removal system before water sampling.
Soil cover
Industrial environmental control over the condition of soils is carried out at 5 points of the monitoring network on the ash dump site and at 5 points on the industrial site site, located both on the border of sanitary protection zones and inside them.
Industrial site:
– from the south side of the industrial site (point 1);
– from the west side of the industrial site (point 2);
– from the east side of the industrial site (point 3);
– from the north side of the industrial site (point 4);
Ash dump:
– on the north side of the ash dump (point 1);
– on the south side of the ash dump (point 4);
– on the east side of the ash dump (point 2);
– on the west side of the ash dump (point 3);
According to the data of geochemical soil testing, conclusions are drawn about the degree of soil contamination and the influence of the enterprise on the genesis of the soil cover, which is controlled by sampling soil. Sampling is carried out quarterly, 4 times a year, by collecting samples at four points (after 90 °). The direction of the initial rumba is chosen to coincide with the direction of the prevailing wind in the annual wind rose.
To study the dynamics of the level of soil pollution, according to the methodological recommendations, it is necessary to test the same sites every time. Sampling is carried out from a depth of 0-20 cm according to the “Envelope” rule: four of the corners of the rectangle and one of the center.
Soil sampling, registration, processing, conservation and storage of samples is carried out in accordance with GOST 17.4.4.02-84 “Nature protection. Soils. Methods of sampling and preparation of samples for chemical, bacteriological, helminthological analysis”.
A complete chemical analysis of water extracts is performed at the boundary of the ash dump SPZ, and the presence of lead, cadmium, fluorine, petroleum products, manganese, and nitrates in soils was also determined. At the boundary of the industrial site’s SPZ, the presence of pollutants such as manganese, beryllium, mercury, fluorine, bromine, and petroleum products in the soils is determined.
Soil-soil samples are analyzed using a DR. spectrophotometer.
The “Hygienic standards for environmental safety (soil)” approved by the Order of the Minister of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 06/25/2015 No. 452 were adopted as evaluation criteria.